Domain Name System is what DNS is short for. It means being able to convert the human-readable name into a numerical value that computers use to identify one with another, like the IP address of "www.example.com." This is important because it allows a user to try and access a site without having to pacify memory space with where exactly that numerical identifier can be used. Thus, DNS becomes like a phonebook for the internet to ensure that the devices understand each communication and it all goes smoothly in browsing for the user anywhere.
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